Next-Generation Standard Farmland Weather Station: Empowering Scientific Agricultural Production with IoT and Big Data

The next-generation standard Farmland Weather Station deeply integrates IoT (Internet of Things) technology and big data analysis. As a crucial tool in modern agricultural production monitoring, it provides farmers with full-process production data support from sowing to harvest.

The station is specially equipped with multi-layer soil moisture, temperature, and salinity sensors. These sensors can penetrate different depths of the soil to collect core data—such as soil moisture content, salinity concentration, and temperature changes—in real time and with high accuracy. Moreover, the frequency of data collection can be adjusted according to the crop growth cycle, ensuring that every set of data reflects the true condition of the soil.

With such real-time and accurate soil data, farmers no longer need to rely on "traditional experience" for farming; instead, they can implement more scientific irrigation and fertilization. For instance, when growing wheat, by monitoring the soil moisture in the 10-20 cm surface layer, farmers can precisely control the amount of irrigation water during the jointing stage, preventing wheat root rot caused by excessive water. When growing vegetables, adjusting the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer to potassium fertilizer based on soil salinity data not only avoids root burn due to excessively high salinity but also prevents poor vegetable quality caused by insufficient salinity. This mode of precision management not only significantly improves agricultural production efficiency—increasing crop yield by an average of 10%-15%—but also reduces water resource waste by approximately 30% and mitigates soil pollution from over-fertilization, effectively enhancing the utilization efficiency of agricultural resources.

In addition to its core soil monitoring function, the station can be flexibly equipped with meteorological monitoring modules to adapt to agricultural production needs in different regions. After installing the modules, it can continuously monitor meteorological parameters 24 hours a day, including air temperature and humidity, wind direction and speed, rainfall, total radiation, sunshine duration, and photosynthetically active radiation. The data is transmitted to farmers’ mobile phones or computers in real time, allowing for convenient access anytime. Using this meteorological data, farmers can predict weather changes 3-5 days in advance and prepare for disaster early warning: for example, if heavy rain is expected in summer, they can reinforce greenhouse supports and clear field drainage ditches in advance; if a cold wave with temperature drops is coming in winter, they can cover crops with thermal insulation films. Additionally, based on data such as sunshine duration and photosynthetically active radiation, farmers can formulate more reasonable production plans—such as determining the optimal time for vegetable seedling raising and arranging the timing for fruit tree pruning—making agricultural production more scientific and planned.